Hip fractures are serious fractures in the upper quarter of the femur bone. The underlying cause of most of them is osteoporosis. Biphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis worldwide. However, there are concerns as to whether their use can cause problems with the healing of hip fractures and if so, is the timing of their initiation and the duration of their application important? The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the above questions. A literature search was conducted, with the use of the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases. The abstracts of all potentially relevant studies, were extensively examined. All of them referred to the biphosphonate treatment, the duration of healing and/or the non-union rates of hip fractures, were included to the study. Biphosphonates, were found to affect hip fracture healing, when applied prior to the fracture and to have no effect on healing process, when applied after the fracture event. There was no statistically significant correlation between treatment duration and union time. There is a need of additional studies to investigate the effects of biphosphonates on hip fracture healing. These studies need to be focused on healing time, non-union rates and the duration of treatment.

Being given the characterization of the two sides of the same coin, sarcopenia and frailty, represent two geriatric syndromes that concern a great number of elder population. The impact of these pathological states on the health status of the individual is well-established through associated scientific papers and is encountered by health professionals through their daily clinical practice. Given that fact that both geriatric syndromes target both physical and mental aspects of an individual, the need for improving the treating methodologies of sarcopenia and frailty, is of great importance. The following paper provides key pointers to the reader regarding the effects an individual will have, after the adherence to a program including a variety of physical activities.