Abstract

Objectives:

Successful ART prolongs PLHIV survival, but metabolic complications like dyslipidemia and sarcopenia are rising. Research on these issues, particularly with newer integrase inhibitor-based regimens, remains limited.

Methods:

We evaluated 84 PLHIV on stable ART (> 2 years) for sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities using functional assessments (HGS, SPPB), BIA, and detailed biochemical screening for dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Results:

Of 84 participants (71.4% male, mean age 38.97 ± 9.77 years), probable sarcopenia prevalence was 8.33% (using AWGS (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia) criteria), while none had confirmed sarcopenia using BIA for measurement of muscle mass. Dysglycemia affected 33.0%, with 8.33% having diabetes. Dyslipidemia was observed in 76.19%. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was 16.6%. Compared to non-sarcopenic participants, those with probable sarcopenia had significantly lower median MUAC (23 vs. 26 cm, p=0.02 for both sides) and mid-thigh circumferences (Right: 41.5 vs. 45.5 cm, p=0.04; Left: 41 vs. 45 cm, p=0.05). Physical performance, measured by the SPPB score, was also significantly reduced (median 10 vs. 11; p=0.02).

Conclusion:

We identified probable sarcopenia and its correlates in stable PLHIV. Findings suggest current AWGS cutoffs require regional validation. High metabolic morbidity underscores significant cardiovascular risks, necessitating early intervention to optimize quality of life